Use extern instead of packed structs for the data model

Still using a few embedded packed structs for those fields that benefit
from bit packing. This isn't much cleaner than using packed structs for
everything, but it does have better semantics. In particular, all fields
(except those inside nested packed structs) are now guaranteed to be
byte-aligned and I don't have to worry about the memory representation
of integers when pointer-casting between the different Entry types.